Nuclear capability and national security

Research into the national security situation of Arab states in general, historically, currently, and in the future, is inseparable from the historical transformation of the international system since its inception in the post-World War II era, through the emergence of the so-called New World Order following the collapse of the Soviet Union, and up to what has become known as the New World Order after the COVID-19 pandemic. This research is also linked to the history of the discovery and use of nuclear energy and its associated technological developments. A close relationship has emerged between the development of nuclear science and its application in military, economic, environmental, and other fields, and the evolution of the global system and our place within it. From the discovery of nuclear fission in the 1930s until the beginning of the 21st century, research has continued into technological developments and the uses of nuclear energy, both peaceful and military, and the extent of their impact on the nature of international relations and the global balance of power. Consequently, this impacts the national security situation of various developed and developing countries. Nuclear capabilities have become the most important and influential component in shaping an international system characterized by a high degree of competition and conflict among states to maintain, enhance, or improve their standing within the international order. Given the potential and solutions that nuclear energy and its technologies offer to meet the various requirements for achieving sustainable development and ensuring national security, the issue of employing nuclear energy remains governed by political, economic, security, and environmental considerations, in addition to regional and international challenges. This makes the possession of advanced nuclear capabilities a significant indicator of a country's ability to adapt to the new international reality, in the face of the restrictions and challenges imposed by major powers on the possession of such capabilities.