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Handbook of Soil and Groundwater Biogeochemistry - Cover

Handbook of Soil and Groundwater Biogeochemistry

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Erschienen am 15.03.2010, Auflage: 1/2009
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Bibliografische Daten
ISBN/EAN: 9781402097720
Sprache: Englisch
Umfang: 1000 S., 220 s/w Illustr., 10 farbige Illustr., 80

Beschreibung

With an exponentially increasing human population on earth, and a finite amount of dry land, the stress put on both land and sea productivity is increasing accordingly. The use of land to produce agricultural crops uses the best land in terms of its drainage, tilth, and ease of management. There is great competition for this land as a substrate for housing and recreation by that same population for those reasons. This collection of volumes is intended to describe surface water, groundwater, soil, and sediment quality from a chemical point of view. Air quality is another environmental topic, which will not be discussed. This work will describe water quality from the point of view of natural quality; natural processes that lead to degraded quality; pollutants that degrade quality, both chemical and biological; radioactive elements; organic solutes including dissolved organic carbon, color-producing substances, chemical oxygen demand, biochemical oxygen demand; evaluation of water analyses; evaluation of water and groundwater quality; graphical methods for presenting water-quality data; methods for extrapolating water quality data; and relationship of water quality to water use. Chemical processes are fundamental to natural phenomena such as crop growth, aqueous and marine animal and plant life, animal life in soil, and ultimately human life. Natural processes are discussed that may result in water having certain chemical and physical characteristics, such as hardness, softness, saltiness, high temperature, or dissolved gases, which require that the water be treated for potable or boiler uses. Man-made pollutants find their way into water from various sources, sewage from leaking public sewers and septic systems, agricultural chemicals, animal feedlot wastes, road deicing salt, landfills, industrial wastes, mine wastes, and brine disposal from petroleum exploration. Most organic chemicals have limited to virtually no solubility in water. However, those that do dissolve can cause water?s quality to suffer or make it totally useless or damaging to health. Organic solvents, polychlorinated biphenyls, phthalic acid esters, herbicides, insecticides, nematocides, and acaricides are among the substances that will be discussed in regard to their effect on water quality.

Autorenportrait

Olin C. Braids, Ph.D. B.A. degree Chemistry, University of New Hampshire 1960 (B.A. degree because college of Liberal Arts and bachelor?s thesis), M.S. Soil Chemistry, Univ. of New Hampshire 1963, Ph.D., Soil Chemistry, The Ohio State University, 1966. Post-Doc Fellowship, Dept. of Agronomy, Univ. of Illinois, Urbana (1966-67) Thirty-nine years of experience includes: Assistant Professor, Dept. of Agronomy, Univ. of Illinois, Urbana (1967-1972); U.S. Geological Survey, Mineola, New York (1972-1975); Geraghty & Miller, Inc., Long Island and Tampa (1975-1989 and 1995-1999); Blasland, Bouck & Lee, Tampa (1989-1993); Eder Associates, Inc., Tampa, (1993-1995); O.C. Braids & Associates, LLC, Tampa (1999-present). Editor/Author of a number of books/chapters, including: "Chapter 6 Fats, Waxes, and Resins in Soil," Braids, O.C. and Miller, R.H., in J.E. Gieseking, ed. Soil Components Volume I, Organic Components, Springer-Verlag, New York, 1975. "Chapter 13 Effects of Industrial Hazardous Waste Disposal on the Ground-water Resources," Braids, Olin C., Wilson, George R., and Miller, David W., in Robert P. Pojasek, ed., Drinking Water Quality Enhancement Through Source Protection, Ann Arbor Science, Ann Arbor, Michigan, pp. 179-207, 1977. "Chapter 26 Chemical Indicators of Leachate Contamination in Groundwater Near Municipal Landfills," Saar, Robert A. and Olin C. Braids, in Chester W. Francis, Stanley J. Auerbach, and Vivian A. Jacobs eds., Environment and Solid Wastes Characterization, Treatment, and Disposal, Butterworth Publications, Boston, MA, 1983. "Chapter 3 Volatile Organic Compounds and the Ground Water Environment," Olin C. Braids, in Occurrrence and Removal of Volatile Organic Chemicals from Drinking Water," AWWA Research Foundation, Denver and KIWA, Rijswijk, The Netherlands, 1983. "Chapter 12 Ground-Water Sample Analysis," Vitale Rock J., Olin Braids, and Rudolph Schuller, in David N. Nielsen, ed. Practical Handbook of Ground-Water Monitoring, Lewis Publishers, Chelsea, MI, 1991. (This book is in its first revision for later release in 2005) "Chapter 24 Groundwater Contamination from Hazaardous Wastes," Braids, Olin C., in James E. Hickey, Jr. and Linda A. Longmire eds, The Environment Global Problems, Local Solutions," Greenwood Press, Westport, CT, 1994. "Chapter 12 Continuing Problems in Groundwater a?" MTBE,1,4-Dioxane, Perchlorate, and NDMA," Evan K. Nyer, Kathy Thalman, Pedro Fierro, and Olin Braids, in Evan K. Nyer et al. eds., In Situ Treatment Technology, 2nd Edition, Lewis Publishers, Boca Raton, FL, 2001. "Chapter 2 Soil," Braids, Olin C., in Jay Lehr, Marve Hyman, Tyler E. Gass, and William J. Seevers eds., Handbook of Complex Environmental Remediation Problems," McGraw-Hill Handbooks, NY, 2002. Cai, Yong and Olin C. Braids eds., Biogeochemistry of Environmentally Important Trace Elements," American Chemical Society Symposium Series 835, American Chemical Society, 2003, 436 pp.

Inhalt

SOILS I Soil Chemistry a. Plant macro-nutrients: Nitrogen; Phosphorus; Potassium; Sulfur; Calcium; Magnesium. b. Plant micro-nutrients: Boron; Chloride; Cobalt; Copper; Iron; Manganese; Molybdenum; Selenium; Silicon; Sodium; Zinc; General Relationships of Micronutrients in Soil. c. Soil colloids:General properties; Clay minerals; Silicate minerals. d. Soil organic matter: Organic colloids. e. Organic soils II Soil Biochemistry a. Microorganisms of soil b. Enzyme activity in soil c. The carbon cycle d. The nitrogen cycle e. Sulfur transformations f. Phosphorus transformations g. Other elemental transformations h. Pesticide transformations i. The occurrence of vitamins and antibiotics in soil III Soil Fertility & Plant Nutrition IV Forest & Range Soils V Wetland Soils VI Bioremediation & Biodegradation VII Organic Compounds in the Environment VIII Radioisotopes and Soils IX Soil Degradation X Nonagricultural Uses of Soils GROUNDWATER I Consolidated Aquifers II Unconsolidated Aquifers III Groundwater/Surface Water Interaction ~IV Natural Groundwater Quality V Sources and classes of groundwater contaminants VI Remediation Methods